Presentations Summary and Feedback on Groups 1, 2, and 4

 Group one started off with Chapter 1, which goes over public speaking. They started off with the benefits to public speaking which are social corporations, ability to speak from anywhere through video calls in current time, influence of an audience, a life skill that will last you your whole life, and much more. They mentioned the fact that public speaking is an art form that started back with Greek Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

Federico went over how public speaking is more than just speaking in front of people and that it is a powerful tool used to connect and share ideas together. We see public speaking in many moments of our daily lives even though we may not realize it. One of the biggest changes in public speaking is inventions that allow us to speak to other all over the world like advancements in radio to computers, and phone calls. Christian mentions how the five arts of public speaking are invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. Christian then played a short TedTalk video about the importance of public speaking. TedTalk went over how language was developed to communicate and is now used to share knowledge, stories, feelings, and celebrate things like achievements. The printing press for example is one of the first inventions to publicly spread a large amount of text in a short time to many people. Speaking helps us solve our hardest problems because things we may not know, others can and vice versa. Speaking skills are teachable, and anyone young or old can learn great literacy to help present their ideas to others and understand the ideas presented to them. Angie descriptively went into the five arts, invention, arrangement, style, memory and delivery. The invention part is where you develop what you want to convey to the audience, arrangement is how you structure your speech to guide your message for the audience to follow, the style is how you express your ideas through rhetorical choices, memory is knowing what you're talking about well to have a smooth and natural delivery, lastly delivery is how you deliver your speech like your voice, stature, and eye contact. Christian begins chapter two speaking about how to build confidence like role as a speaker, ideas, audience response, and more. He plays a Ted-Talk video speaking about how to effectively become confident. The fundamentals of confidence are to strengthen resilience, commit to mindfulness, practice relaxation techniques, and to engage in reframing. Emmanuela then speaks about how to prepare for nervousness on the day of a speech. Being prepared and knowledgeable about your speech enables you to go through it smoothly and even be able to respond to questions ifd you are asked rather than having a memorized and formulaic speech. Fabiana begins chapter 3, which goes over the importance of listening. She mentions the components of listening, like hearing, and responding, and influencing factors like culture, beliefs, and interests. She addresses barriers to listening which can include mindlessness, noise, hard to hear, and others that should try to be addressed with attention catching queues.Christian then begins again with chapter 5 which is audience targeting, Try to seem credible to your audience, especially for factual information that you want people to know that is true. Sociability can help increase credibility, as you seem more familiar with the audience.Fabienne spoke about the physical presentation like lighting, space, and seeming presentable to the audience. You don't want to constrain the audience and in large spaces you need to make sure you can be comfortably heard by the whole audience without straining yourself. Allan ends speaking about the occasion, like voluntary audience and capital audience, like whether or not they are listening out of interest or out of obligation. If possible, timing of the day is also important, trying to make it at a time where people have eaten and are ready to give their full attention. Overall, Frederico, Fabiana, Ashley, Emmanuella, Fabienne, Allan, and Christian presented clearly although it would have been nice to see slides to go with Fabiennes and Allan parts of the presentation, and Brenecia clearly summed up what they discussed.

Group two went over chapters 4,6,7 and 8, which are about developing and researching your speech. Isabel began chapter 4, developing your purpose and topic. She noted the important things to take away which include understanding the importance of speeches, how to write a clear thesis, how to develop a working outline, etc. You want to keep in mind your general purpose, and different speeches work differently. For example, speaking to inform people may have more statistics than trying to persuade someone about a topic, and a speech at a wedding may have a different tone than a business meeting. Isabel goes over brainstorming, thinking about a topic that fits your general purpose, starting with ideas such as what do i talk about personally, interest or hobbies, unique experiences, what do i really care about, and what would i like to learn more about. When it comes to picking a topic it is important to note resources and audience, what the occasion is, and why it is important to think about self interests. A topic that interests you makes you more likely to do good research. Once you know where and to who the speech is about, you may realize your speech may or may not fit the topic. Jazmin then speaks about building your outline. Writing a thesis statement should be done at the beginning and have an outline. Although the content might change, try to keep it focused around the outline. Giselle then delves into researching your topic. There are 3 steps to make a productive speech,preparing your speech, gathering research, and evaluating your findings. Jancarlos talks about the 3 primary evaluation criteria, which is relevance which means to see how much the information correlates to the topic. Purpose is studying information to see the reason it was done, scope and def, which is where information is included and how deeply it was studied. Lastly, validity is the authenticity of the information provided. The more up to date the better when it comes to sources, as things change and a most popular idea may not be the most realistic one. When taking notes, you want to accurately capture information and give credi to an author. Paraphrasing is when you state an information source in your own words, and give your own interpretation rather than just phrasing it differently. Guidelines to researching can make researching can make it more efficient like not procrastinating. Jade begins chapter seven, speaking about tactics when sharing a story or giving a speech like narratives, or anecdotes, and the use of denotative meanings and connotative meanings which means to appeal logically or emotionally. Glensys then speaks about how to help the audience envision key points of your speech and relate them to other topics, such as the use of examples that can be double edged. There are several types like general examples, specific examples, and hypothetical examples. Isabella then begins chapter 8 speaking about organizing and outlining your speech, consisting of an introduction, body, good transition statements, and a conclusion. You want your outline to order the main points, using an order pattern and not having random information with no correlation. You need to connect your ideas with transitions, shifting ideas to let the audience know and to conclude so the audience knows that it is ending soon. A working outline helps during the initial start of developing the speech, including key words to help give a detailed description of the speech. Overall, Isabel, Jazmin, Giselle, Jancarlos, Jade, and Isabella clearly portrayed how to develop your speech, outlining what to do in regards to techniques and outlining your speech. Everyone referred to the powerpoint well rather than reading directly from it, and Ashley concluded group two’s work well and provided a clear understanding of what was said. 

Group four went over chapters 13 to 17, which are about types of speech. Mia begins speaking with the goal of an informative speech, which is to deepen understanding or raise awareness. The purpose of an informative speech is to clearly and accurately provide information which can be about any topic.When structuring an informative speech, it is crucial to pick which pattern to use with formative speeches like chronological, spatial, casual, and topical. To make your speech effective, strategies for delivering can include to keep it informative. Your goal is not to persuade but just to provide facts, connecting your topic to the audience in a meaningful way to relate to their interests. Nicole then goes into guidelines for effective speeches, starting off with keeping it informative. Then making your topic come alive, trying to create a friendly environment for everyone to connect to the topic. You want to use presentation media well to inform like videos and pictures to make the speech more interactive. Melanie then begins chapter 14, about persuasive speech, meant  to convince the audience about something, and it all depends on how well the speaker is able to convince the audience to follow their advice or guidance. Your goal during this is to deliver your message strongly for the audience to agree with your opinion, however solid evidence is definitely necessary. However, there are differences between persuasion, coercion, manipulation, and informative speaking. Persuasion is opinion, coercion you are forced to pick a side, informative has no side taken, and manipulation just uses dishonest schemes like false information to get someone to agree with you. There are two types of persuasion speech, Practical vs Issue Based persuasion. A practical ones are usually on doable topics, however based takes a stance with societal consequences to understand a point of view. For example, persuading to vote and debating whether abortions should be legal. Persuasive speeches have the same patterns with more, like problem solution and Monroe's motivated sequence.There are different kinds of issue-based persuasive speech. Questions of fact, to persuade something to be true or false. Questions of value that argue if something is good or bad, right or wrong. The audience's view can also change how you develop your speech. If an audience already has a negative view to your stance you may want to become more of an expert, ready to answer questions and prepared for a negative reaction. If the audience has a positive view on your stance, you may want to keep it engaging and speak about ways to bring up enthusiasm. During persuasive speaking, you want to have firm moral grounds while being truthful, accurate and honest. Melanie, Nikole, and Mia, in a short time, went over the reasons behinds speech, whether it be to persuade or educate, and how to properly execute these types of speeches. They were clear and concise, using the powerpoint as a reference and not a script. No one went over their speech, so there is nothing to say on that end.